Foça is a district of Izmir, approximately 69 km (43 mi) northwest of Izmir, Turkey. The district also has the New Foça neighborhood on the coast, 20 km (12 mi) from Foça. For this reason, Foça itself is locally called "Old Foça" in daily language. Foça was founded on the site of the ancient city of Phocaea (Greek: Φώκαια).

Foça is surrounded by Aliağa in the east, Menemen districts in the south, and the Aegean Sea in the west and north. When the city emerged as an Ionian settlement in Antiquity, it was named Phokaia because of the seals living in the sea, and has come to our day as Foça.

The Turkish Navy maintains the main base of its two special operations units, Underwater Defense (SAS) and Underwater Attack (SAT), in Foça.

The door of a Greek house at Reha Midilli no:56 in Foça. The inscription ΔΕΚΕΜ ΒΡΙΟΥ 5 1866 indicates the date of December 5 (Δεκέμβριος) 1866.

Phokaia (Greek: Φώκαια, "Phocaea"), named after the seals living in the Foça Islands, was founded by the Aeolians in the 11th century BC. Ionian settlement in Phokaia, which was one of the most important Ionian settlements at that time, started in the 9th century BC. Known as master sailors in history, Phokaians also established many colonies in the Aegean, Mediterranean and Black Seas with their engineering development and success. Some of the important colonies that the people of Foça established in history: Amisos (now Samsun) in the Black Sea; Lampsakos (present-day Lapseki) in the Dardanelles; Methymna (now Molyvoz) on Lesbos; and Elea in Europe -now Velia- (Italy); Alalia (Corsica); Massalia - today Marseille - (France) are some of them.

The Phokaians are known as one of the first in history to mint the "electron" coin using a natural gold-silver alloy in Ionia. Of course, this civilized progress also affected many civilizations of that time and attracted them to Anatolia.

Phocaea's alum mines were previously given by the Byzantines to the Genoese brothers Benedetto and Manuele Zaccaria, who founded the Lordship of Phocaea in 1267.

The Genoese controlled the city even during the Ottoman period due to the rent they received from the Byzantines in 1275. Phokaia was taken by the Genoese as a fief from the Byzantine emperor in 1275 and was an active port during the Middle Ages, mainly due to the region's rich alum reserves.

In 1346, the port of Foça and the nearby island of Chios were ruled by a Genoese maona. Maona was soon sold to the Giustiniani family, who were settlers in Chios. The Genoese are among the first to establish modern Yenifoça.

Another important concession that Byzantium gave to the Genoese via dowry was the nearby island of Lesbos, which was given to the Gattilusio family as a result of the marriage between Francesco I Gattilusio and the Byzantine emperor John V's sister, Maria Palaiologina, in 1355. The Gattilusio family estates eventually grew to include the islands of Imbros, Samothrace, Lemnos and Thasos, among others, and the city of Aenos (modern Enez in Turkey). From this position they became heavily involved in the mining and marketing of alum, which was useful in textile production and a profitable trade controlled by the Genoese.

Then, Foça was taken by Çaka Bey in the 11th century and passed under the rule of Çaka Bey, and then under the rule of Saruhanoğulları Principality.

In 1455, the Ottoman Sultan II. After the conquest of Istanbul, Mehmed took Foça and added it to the Ottoman lands.

Foça became an important archaeological center as it formed a center for such civilizations and communities. In the excavations that started in 1953 and continued uninterruptedly until today, the Hellenistic theater, the Temple of Athena and its Sanctuary, the Port Sanctuary (thought to belong to Cybele) and the Persian Mausoleum (known as the "Stone House" 7 km east of Foça) revealed. The Persian Monument was built as a monument to the commanders of the Achaemenid-Persian Army, which invaded the region in 492 BC, and was later used for purposes such as graves, corrals, observation points, and resting places. Monument; It is one of the rare Persian structures found in Anatolia.

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